The elevation and weathering topography of the undersea valley can be seen from locations such as the Montserrato Monastery, located northeast of the Pyrenees in Spain, and the Rhonda at the foot of the Cirerane Sea Mountains in southern Spain. The topography of Spain has limestone, which contains a lot of gravel. Because limestone is easily weathered, it forms a unique rock-shaped terrain and creates a caste terrain. Therefore, many tourist attractions using these characteristics can be seen.
One of the most prominent regions in Spain is the Torkal de Andechera region in southern Spain. In the Andechera region, the following topography can be seen. The karst topography appears well in limestone areas and encompasses the topography that is chemically dissolved and eroded.
1. a caste tower
There are many vertical limestone pillars that have been eroded by the wind and water. Some towers look like human figures or animals.
2. Raffier
It consists of grooves or gaps and protrusions formed on the limestone surface. It is an irregular groove formed by splitting and melting the surface by rainwater. It consists of sharp and complex terrain.
3. It's spinning
It is a dish-shaped depression with a hollow surface, and limestone was melted down by groundwater.
4. The caste continues
It is a widespread depression with several dolines fused together, and it looks like a small plain, and plants grow due to the accumulation of soil, and can be seen mainly around the trekking path.
foreign friends
It was very cold until early February, but in March, as the cold warmed up and the temperature rose, smog flowed into Korea, and the sky around Seoul was very cloudy. It was a pity that I couldn't see the clean sky because there was a lot of ultrafine dust when I checked the concentration of fine dust. And the daily temperature difference between morning and evening was big, so I wore shorts in the morning, but it was very cold when I went in the evening. When I checked the news, the temperature difference is almost 15 degrees, so the cold is very popular at school. Still, in April, the flowers are blooming very pretty.
2)Expand the discussion naturally with climate change or environmental issues
In Korea, a lot of smog is generated due to the emission of exhaust gas from neighboring countries. I know that Spain has abundant environmental policies compared to Korea, even though there were many environmental problems compared to Korea. Then, I wonder what policies are needed in Korea to solve environmental problems similar to Spain.
3) Research your country's environmental policies and ask questions briefly about what you're interested in
Spain is currently implementing various environmental policies, and Madrid's eco-friendly transportation policies and climate change and energy conversion laws have been announced.
3-1) Madrid, the capital of Spain, was originally a city with severe air pollution with the worst concentration of nitrogen dioxide in Europe. Accordingly, Madrid 360's plan was announced to make a sustainable city from 2019. The goal of the policy is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 65% compared to 1990.
Detailed policies are as follows.
- Control entry to clean environmental zones by attaching eco-friendly labels to vehicles
- vehicle-controlled pedestrian street
- Expansion of public bicycle services, clean vehicle operation
3-2) Climate change and energy conversion methods are as follows.
-100% Transition to Renewable Energy by 2050
-Permission suspended for oil drilling exploration in Spanish territory
- Reducing incentives for fossil fuel consumption (suppressing consumption through tax adjustment)
-Ban on the sale of combustion-fueled (gasoline, diesel) vehicles after 2040, total ban on driving until 2050
-Areas with a population of more than 50,000 will be required to establish low-emission zones by 2023
-Mandatory installation of automobile charging facilities at large gas stations (high sales gas stations)
Question: I wonder if the effectiveness of these policies is well reflected in your area at the moment.
Hello! I’m Geunhee Kim from South Korea, Incheon Haneul Academy. But you can call me Mia. I hope we can have lots of conversations with you guys! If you see this message, please reply! Right now, I'm really into Spanish culture. Especially in architecture, environment, and food culture. In 2017, I went to Spain and had a great time in Sagrada Familia, Park Guell, and other places in Barcelona. I really love churros with chocolate fondue. I'm 18 years old, and I live in Goyang! I hope we can have lots of conversations!
