Nigeria's topography consists of the Niger River basin and coastal plain, mountainous areas in the east, and the Hausa Plateau in the north. The coastal area is tropical rainforest, and the inland area is tropical savannah, where rainfall decreases as it goes north.
1. Nizer River Basin:
The nizer river basin is a flat lowland and wide river - flowing area, characterized by river floodplains and moist plains. The area has fertile soil, making it suitable for agriculture.
In addition, there are various ecosystems formed according to the flow of the river, especially aquatic plants and various fish, and the area around the river is an area where agriculture and fishing are active.
2. Coastal Plain:
Nigeria's coastal plain is low and flat, with a long coastline. The region has developed rainforests due to moisture and high precipitation.
In addition, coastal areas have lagoons, wetlands, and a variety of marine ecosystems. The soil in this area is rich in organic matter, making it suitable for agriculture, but it is exposed to the risk of rising sea levels and erosion.
3. Mountain areas in the east:
The eastern region is composed of alpine and hilly areas, especially connected to the highlands of Africa. This region has a high altitude, so the temperature is low and precipitation is relatively high.
In the mountainous area, various plant groups are native, and alpine and tropical plants are mixed. It is said that soil erosion can occur in this area due to the steep terrain, and agriculture is mainly staged.
4. Hausa Plateau in the North:
The Hausa Plateau consists of large plains and hilly areas, with high elevation and dry climates. The region has a savannah climate, which is dominated by meadows and grasslands, where trees are rare.
This region has a dry climate, so there is less precipitation, and accordingly, cattle farming is more developed than agriculture. In addition, the topography of this region lacks flat land for large-scale agriculture, so small-scale agriculture is achieved.
Q1. For those of you who live near the Nizer River, do you often experience inconvenience during river flooding?
Q2. Is there still a lot of cascading farming in the eastern mountainous areas?
Q3. What livestock do you raise a lot in the Hausa Plateau area?
According to a survey of Nigeria's environmental policies, the following major policies are in place:
1. Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project (NEWMAP): This project was launched in 2010 with support from the World Bank and aims to address severe erosion problems in the southeastern region and land degradation in the northern region. Through this, it is contributing to promoting environmental restoration, improving agricultural productivity, and raising living standards for local residents.
2. Climate Change Act 2021: This law, enacted in 2021, mandates the establishment of a National Climate Change Action Plan and a five-year carbon budget, and established the National Climate Change Committee to implement it. The bill aims for Nigeria to achieve carbon neutrality between 2050 and 2070.
3. Banning Disposable Plastic: The Nigerian government plans to ban the use of disposable plastic altogether from January 2025. The measure covers a variety of single-use plastic products, including straws, spoons, water bottles, and small water bags, and is part of a national policy to tackle plastic pollution.
